Jam Session 101: 22 Dos & Don’ts

A jam session can be a great way to gain performing experience. Plus, if you play it right, you’ll be introduced to other musicians who may want to work with you someday! Ready to go onstage, meet and play music with others?

Be aware that certain sit-in behaviors can influence your reputation in a positive way, while others may be highly off-putting. Of course, sounding good on your instrument matters, but it’s not the entire story!

Learn the unspoken (yet understood by the pros) protocol tips for sitting in:

Do come with a friendly spirit.  Do have 2 tunes in mind you know quite well, also bring along a flexible attitude. Do show up during the earlier side of the session, (so you can make it on the sign up sheet if there is one), plus you’ll want to look like a team player by showing support for the other musicians. Unless you are already a famous highly respected musician in town, don’t come waltzing in the final half hour expecting to be featured! Do support the club by enjoying food or beverage; maybe bring friends to cheer you on.

If you are invited to sit in, assume you will play 1 tune. Do make sure to look at whoever is taking a solo (no need to keep staring at your music stand when it’s another player’s turn).  Do thank the house band, say an encouraging word or a nod to other musicians playing with you, then make like you are going to sit down. Don’t hang around the stage unless the band or jam session organizer asks you to stay up there and play another tune. (It’s embarrassing to be told to get off stage, but I’ve seen some pretty clueless sax players and guitarists not take the hint, crowding out other musicians who rightfully deserve a turn.)

Here are skills (listed by instruments) to keep in mind for successful jamming:

Singers: Do know your preferred keys for tunes. Know how to communicate your tempo/feel. Know your tune forms such as how to come in at the top or B section (bridge). You might want to hedge your bets and bring several copies of charts in your key for other musicians, especially if you don’t sing standard tunes in standard keys the standard way. (If you don’t know what I’m talking about, be sure to bring charts for piano/bass/guitar). Do know how to cue the ending to a song with physical gestures and/or musical indicators.

Horns (Brass/Woodwinds): Do know several blues heads in various keys (like C, F, & Bb) along with some standard tunes. It is helpful to know how to solo over Bb Rhythm ChangesDo have a spirit of cooperation – the jam session is not normally a cutting contest, nor is it a chance to abuse the rhythm section by “warming up” with 17 choruses. If you can’t say something by the second chorus, it’s probably time to let another player have their turn. Don’t noodle all over the vocalist while they are singing the melody! If you don’t have the experience or enough skills to phrase around the singer (or the lead horn player) by all means just stand there and try to look like you are into the music.

Pianists & Guitarists: You both are melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic instruments. Do know how to provide an intro (you’ll be called to do that especially if there is a singer – usually the last 4 or 8 bars works). You will be spending most of your time comping chords. Remember the word “comp” comes from accompany, so provide a supportive background for whoever is soloing: Listen, React, Inspire! Don’t overplay, and if there are both a guitarist and keyboardist in the band, don’t step all over each other. There are ways both instruments can inhabit the stage, but that’s a whole ‘nother lesson.

Drummers: Do know how to use brushes, rods, or jazz drumsticks in addition to regular sticks & play dynamically in various styles and tempos. Know how to trade 4s and cue a band back in, whether you take a solo over the form or play an open extended solo. Keep alert about how to interpret endings (and how to cue them with your gestures). Don’t drown anybody out by overpowering them if you can help it. Have you ever heard anybody say “Fine, but I wish the drums were LOUDER!!”? No, me neither. But it’s understandable you’ve got to be let out of the cage now and then, so go for it during your featured solo time!

Bassists: You are the backbone of the group, and deserve respect! You must be constantly on, responsible for holding the pulse and entire band together. Maybe you do want a solo, maybe you don’t? Let your feelings be known.

Example Of Typical Jazz Tune Format For Jam Sessions:

Countoff: by Session Leader or Person Playing/Singing the Melody (or)     Intro: by Pianist/Keyboardist, or maybe Guitarist

Head: (Melody) by Singer if there is one, if not by Horn Instrument(s)

Solo Order:  Jazz solos are usually improvised over the tune’s chord changes, and may consist of once down the tune’s length to several times (choruses). Usually a horn player jumps in first, followed by the next horn down the line. After horns the pianist or guitarist jockey for their solos, moving onto perhaps a bass solo (if desired and the club energy/dynamic feels appropriate). Then, if someone holds up 4 fingers trading 4s will follow, starting with the first soloist alternating 4 bars with the drummer’s 4 bars. This is done over the tune’s form. Ex: Trumpet/Drums/Sax/Drums/Piano/Drums/Guitar/Drums = 32 bars

Head: Melody recapped by Singer or Instrument(s) who originally played it

Ending: There are about 10 typical ways to end a tune. Hopefully all onstage musicians can intuit which one to do and end convincingly together! Don’t all fight to be the one who gets to play the last note. (See my book “The Aspiring Jazz Pianist” pages 100-102 for common endings jazz musicians play.)

Do have fun at your next jam session. Each time can be a great learning experience!

 

Art Of A Beautiful Ballad: Emmet Cohen Plays “Where Is Love?”

Amazing jazz pianist Emmet Cohen knows how to make the piano sing during  the tune “Where Is Love?” from Oliver! Let’s compare his 6 live performances of this beautiful ballad, to see what makes his takes so lovely.

Here’s my simpler chart of “Where Is Love” with lyrics (this may be important to help a ballad’s interpretation) in Emmet’s chosen key of A Major:    Continue reading “Art Of A Beautiful Ballad: Emmet Cohen Plays “Where Is Love?””

On a Scale of 1 to 1000: How Many Do You Need To Know?

Disappointed Don sat on my piano bench, looking perplexed as to why he couldn’t manage to take a decent solo on C Jam Blues. “Should I be learning the modes of the ascending melodic minor scales in all 12 keys – is that what I need to do?” he asked. Truth be told, after several lessons my sweet and studious adult student still struggled with swinging the 2 note melody to the tune. Don poured over every jazz piano and music theory book he could get his hands on, took weekly lessons from myself plus another piano teacher in town, attended jazz workshops/adult music camps whenever he could. I think he had too many masters to try to follow, too much theory to sort out, too many scales buzzing around inside his head, which in turn caused his fingers to freeze at the keys! (It didn’t help that he spent more time reading a stack of books about jazz instead of actually practicing the piano.) Continue reading “On a Scale of 1 to 1000: How Many Do You Need To Know?”

Block Chords (Locked Hands Style) vs Spread Chords: How Pianists Create Them

There are certain types of rich chord techniques the jazz pianist ought to have under their fingers in a piano/bass/drums or larger group setting. Both Block and Spread Chords may be used for a full sounding effect during the melody of certain tunes. Additionally, these styles may be used to build intensity during a piano solo, or culminating in impressive spread chords at the solo’s highpoint. Continue reading “Block Chords (Locked Hands Style) vs Spread Chords: How Pianists Create Them”

In A Sentimental Mood: Ways To Harmonize

Fun Fact: The gorgeous Duke Ellington composition In A Sentimental Mood begins with an ascending melody formed from a pentatonic scale. These same pickup notes (F,  G,  A,  C,  D,  F,  G) could also lead into the Gershwin classic Someone To Watch Over Me, but would land on another starting chord and go into a whole different tune altogether. (See Idea #29 “Chromatic Pickups”, notated on page 44 of my book Amazing Phrasing-Keyboard, found here): https://www.amazon.com/author/debbiedenkemusic Continue reading “In A Sentimental Mood: Ways To Harmonize”

12 Key Improvisation Ideas For Piano: Just 1 Scale 7 Notes!

K-Pop, Early Classical Music, Contemporary Christian Praise Hymns, Folk Tunes, New Age Piano, Country & Western Music: When it comes to improvisation, what do these genres have in common?  Hint: Musicians will often sound “right in the pocket” by creating solos made up of just 7 notes (using only 1 scale) over the entire tune!

For the above genres of music (including certain even eighth note Jazz & Gospel styles), the 7 notes of the major key center scale work well for improvising over the whole piece. It’s an easy concept to keep in mind that may enhance your solos (without having to think of too many confusing options), so you can focus on building nice melodic lines with rhythmic variety. When we build solos upon one scale it’s called playing diatonically – which can sound good, provided the tune’s harmony doesn’t stray far from the home key. Continue reading “12 Key Improvisation Ideas For Piano: Just 1 Scale 7 Notes!”

Music Game #3: Playtime For Traditional Piano Teacher/Student

Piano Teachers: Want to play a fun new game that builds your student’s performance skills and practical knowledge of important music concepts? Try Music Game #3: Playtime For Traditional Piano Teacher/Studentdesigned for classical piano teachers with younger intermediate-level private students in mind. This game includes several practical ideas which pianists in the real world are expected to know, but often get overlooked during traditional music lessons. (The preceding 2 articles – Music Game #2 : “Happy Memories Retirement Home” and Music Game #1: “TipJar” – are games geared for high school-aged through older adult music students who have acquired more of a jazz/pop repertoire.) Continue reading “Music Game #3: Playtime For Traditional Piano Teacher/Student”

Music Game #2: Happy Memories Retirement Home (Playtime for Piano Teacher & Student)

Are you ready to play The “Home” Game? Truth be told, many music students, hobbyists, and professionals bring on the smiles playing for audiences in retirement homes. The power of music can be both healing and comforting. Famous singer Tony Bennett has been in the news of late as we witness him suffering Alzheimers disease, yet to see his face light up as he sings with amazing recall is incredibly inspiring. Aspiring musicians of all ages can test drive their upcoming concert material in front of receptive senior audiences. Teen piano students get not only performance experience, but may earn high school community service credit by playing in retirement homes. Continue reading “Music Game #2: Happy Memories Retirement Home (Playtime for Piano Teacher & Student)”

Music Game #1: “Tip Jar” (Playtime For Teacher & Piano Student)

Feeling slightly “under the weather” but still wanting to teach, I asked 2 adult jazz piano students to meet online for lessons. Educators know that teaching over the internet requires extra energy to communicate, and I was a bit short of breath. What valuable lessons could I give my inquisitive students that would keep their fingers busy while I listened, hydrated,  and encouraged them, with minimal talking on my part? I took a couple hits off my inhaler and came up with a “game plan” (modeled after real life situations I’ve had as a performer), and tested it out on my students. Together we had a good deal of fun playing these online socially safe music games. Continue reading “Music Game #1: “Tip Jar” (Playtime For Teacher & Piano Student)”

Notes To Choose For a 12 Bar Blues (Easy RH Improvisation Tips)

By popular request I filmed this tutorial exploring my easy go-to ideas a pianist may play over a medium-up tempo jazz blues in the key of F:

The original tutorial shown below was meant to be simply a lesson on a LH device called The Bud Powell Shell. Many of you then asked if I could share what RH “licks” I was using on my video, Improvising 28 Bars of Blues.  Continue reading “Notes To Choose For a 12 Bar Blues (Easy RH Improvisation Tips)”